He says raised PSA levels caused by cycling, do not put the rider at any risk of cancer.
?Cycling does raise PSA levels but only temporarily. So the way to distinguish whether cycling has caused a rise in levels is to refrain from getting on a bike for 48 hours and then having a second PSA test. The levels will have dropped if cycling was responsible for the rise.?
PSA tests measure the total amount of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by normal cells in the prostate and also by prostate cancer cells. It is normal for all men to have a small amount of PSA in their blood.
But a raised level can sometimes be a sign of prostate cancer which is why further investigation such as a biopsy is needed.
There is no screening programme, but men may be offered the test as part of a routine medical or health care check.
Mr Eden says any man over the age of 40 should know his PSA levels.
Each year about 36,000 men in the UK are diagnosed with prostate cancer, making it the most common cancer in men. It mainly affects men aged over 50.
According to Cancer Research UK although there has been a huge rise in prostate cancer incidence over the last 20 years, this has not been reflected in mortality rates ? partly because of the use of the PSA test.
Mr Eden said: ?The irony here is that physical exercise such as cycling is actually protective against prostate cancer since it`s a way to avoid weight gain and is generally a way to keep healthy. So it`s important that cyclists don`t get scared off from enjoying their hobby.
?I think any man who is a regular cyclist and who needs a PSA test should tell their doctor about their hobby. It`s surprising how many doctors may not know about the association and this could avoid unpleasant further investigation. Mentioning you regularly use your bike could save on a lot of discomfort.?
Endangered snow leopards are found throughout Central Asia, and they've become a popular item for the illegal wildlife trade.
You?re a U.S. soldier, abroad on your first deployment in Afghanistan. Like any world traveler, you want to bring a souvenir back home to the family, something they could never get at home. So you visit the local market on base, where Afghan vendors sell carpets, trinkets and clothing. And you pick out something really cool: a white spotted pelt, perfect for a rug. What could possibly be wrong with that purchase?
As it turns out, quite a lot?at least for endangered species. According to a study from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)?an environmental non-profit that runs the Bronx Zoo in New York?a significant number of U.S. soldiers deployed?overseas have purchased products made from wildlife. And in many cases, that wildlife is threatened?like the endangered snow leopard of Central Asia, which could have been killed to make that fine white pelt. Most soldiers aren?t knowingly purchasing products made from endangered species, but they are inadvertently supporting that trade, which can have serious consequences for conservation. ?The wildlife trade is highly problematic,? says Heidi Kretser, the coordinator of the WCS North America Programs Livelihood. ?There needs to be awareness raising in the military.?
(PHOTOS:?10 Species Near Extinction)
The WCS research began back in 2007 when staff in Afghanistan noticed products?made from threatened species being sold on military bases near Kabul. That led to a survey of nearly 400 soldiers at Fort Drum in upstate New York, one of the biggest military bases in the U.S., sending some 80,000 troops a year to Iraq and Afghanistan during the height of the conflicts. WCS found that more than 40% of the soldiers surveyed had either purchased wildlife products or had seen a fellow service member buy one. They reported seeing wildlife items for sale one or off bases in 40 countries, with the greatest number by far in Afghanistan?a fact that makes sense, given that the Central Asian country is home to a number of endangered species, including the snow leopard. (The sheer number of U.S. troops stationed in Afghanistan played a role in the numbers as well.) ?The most popular items were fur coat and rugs,? says Kretser. ?And there you?re talking about species that do tend to be threatened.?
The problem isn?t just that U.S. service members are buying wildlife products?it?s that their presence in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq helps create a market for poaching and hunting that might otherwise not exist. American soldiers?and even more so, the contractors and other international personnel who follow in their wake?can bring developed world purchasing power to bear in a developing world. Suddenly an Afghan who ?might have no one to sell that snow leopard pelt to?and therefore, no reason to participate in the trade in the first place?suddenly has a ready market with well-off customers. ?You can sell a snow leopard pelt for $1000,? says Kretser. ?That?s far more than the average Afghan person could make in a year.?
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You can?t blame a poor person for trying to earn that kind of money?which is why it falls to the customers more than anyone else to halt the wildlife trade. There are international and military regulations that prohibit the purchase and transport of products made from endangered wildlife, That?s why Krester and the WCS have been working with the Department of Defense?s Legacy Program on educational courses for personnel who are about to be deployed overseas. The programs underscores the illegality of purchasing endangered wildlife products, as well as the potential health threats that can come with them. (Wildlife?especially primates?are a major source of zoonotic disease, and the international trade can spread those diseases around the world.) The hope is that by educating service members early, they?ll be that much less likely to pick up a wildlife souvenir to take home with them.
Bryan Walsh is a senior writer at?TIME. Find him on Twitter at?@bryanrwalsh. You can also continue the discussion on?TIME?s?Facebook page?and on Twitter at?@TIME.
MORE: Protecting Biodiversity Might Protect Us From Disease
Big words and long sentences will likely not serve you well as a writer. When it comes to making presentations the same holds true: don?t ramble on hoping to find the words that will have everyone in the room thinking you are the smartest person to ever grace their presence.
I?ve learned a few things along the way. First: use short sentences when writing. Second, eliminate the ?jelly? when writing and when speaking. Third, it?s hard to do those first two things when you are told to ?write naturally, as if you were speaking? and you tend to ramble anyway like your whole life is one long run-on sentence. But I digress?
I came across the following two links recently and so I wanted to share them with you.
First we have a link to a memo written by David Ogilvy to his employees titled ?How to Write? and it was a list of tips that included the following gems:
Use short words, short sentences and short paragraphs.
Never use jargon words like?reconceptualize,?demassification,attitudinally,?judgmentally. They are hallmarks of a pretentious ass.
If it is something important, get a colleague to improve it.
If you want ACTION,?don?t write. Go and?tell?the guy what you want.
This isn?t the first time I have heard suggestions about how writing should be kept to short sentences. The most notable reference example I have been told about came from Hemingway. I believe that he knew a thing or two about writing, especially the whole ?write drunk, edit sober? part.
Second we have a link to an article about presentations, ?In Presentations, Learn To Say Less?. This post ties well to the earlier reference I had to the jelly effect: focus on the important details when speaking to someone. Eliminate the jelly. The classic example is when you describe your company to someone and the first thing you say is ?we were founded in 1986?. Nobody cares when you were founded. Nintendo was founded in 1889 but didn?t start making video games until the mid 1970?s and OMG nobody cares about any of that. They only want to know when the next game will be released so stop wasting their time!
The article has some nice points that I have been using when putting together my outlines like I am doing for TechEd at the moment:
Work backwards. Start with the key points and fill in the details on how to get to the key points.
Practice your presentation without slides. This will help with your delivery, especially with transitions.
Imagine the questions that your audience may ask.
If you learn to write less it will also translate to your presentation style. This will help you be an effective communicator, someone who others will want to read more frequently, or attend your presentations more often.
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Shane Watson made a triumphant return by captaining Australia to an emphatic 87-run victory over India on Sunday and ensuring the hosts a place in the final of the one-day international Tri-series.
Watson, who last played for his country in South Africa last November before being sidelined by injury, stood in for injured skipper Michael Clarke and took two wickets for nine runs as his team bowled out India for 165 in reply to Australia's 252 for nine.
India now need a bonus-point victory over Sri Lanka in Hobart on Tuesday and must rely on Australia beating their sub-continental rivals in Melbourne on Friday to have any hope of progressing to the best of three match final.
After Watson's batting return had ended with just a single run, David Warner scored his first half century of the year in limited overs cricket, wicketkeeper Matt Wade hit 56 and David Hussey a controversial 54 to fire the Australian innings.
Hussey was on 17 and running for a single when he put out his hand to block fielder Suresh Raina's throw to the stumps.
India captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni appealed for an "obstructing the field" dismissal but umpire Billy Bowden turned him down after a long consultation with the third umpire, deciding that the batsman was protecting himself from injury.
Warner was despatched by left-armer Ravindra Jadeja for 68 but even in taking his wicket India suffered, Raina taking a superb catch but clattering into Irfan Pathan as he did so and leaving his team mate only able to bowl five overs.
Dhoni, who once again had to deny rumours of rifts in his squad this week, allowed Virender Sehwag nine overs with the ball and was rewarded with three wickets for 43 from the veteran as the Indians slowed the Australians run rate in the last 10 overs of their innings.
Sachin Tendulkar was cheered onto the field by the 33,639 crowd as he marched out to open the Indian innings and continue his quest for his 100th international century.
The batting maestro had made just 14 runs, however, when he was run out, waving his arms in frustration at Brett Lee who had unintentionally blocked his path to the crease.
By that stage Sehwag had already departed for five and when Virat Kohli (21) and Gautam Gambhir (23) were dismissed in successive overs, India were struggling at 83 for four.
Watson, who had Kohli caught by Dan Christian at midwicket in his first full over, then removed Raina caught behind for eight to drive home the advantage.
Dhoni, returning after a one-match ban for India's slow over rate, battled for 49 balls to give his country a captain's innings but when he was trapped lbw by Ben Hilfenhaus he had just 14 runs on the board.
The end game was afoot and although Irfan (22) and Ravi Ashwin (26) wagged the tail a bit, the large Indian contingent in the crowd had long gone quiet when Xavier Doherty bowled Praveen Kumar to end another miserable night in Australia for their team.
Adult content has long been a big draw, and one of the most profitable, in the world of digital media, but a recent move by PayPal is a sign of how one part of that business might be facing some problems up ahead. Smashwords, an e-book distributor that competes with Amazon, has sent out a letter to the authors, publishers and literary agents that it works with to tell them that PayPal is requiring Smashwords to remove all erotica content on its platform that contains references to bestiality, rape and incest -- otherwise it will stop doing business with Smashwords altogether. The changes are due to take effect on Tuesday, February 28. Regardless of whether you are a reader of such material or not, the move by PayPal raises questions of whether a middle-man payments company should be calling these kinds of shots over content, which some might even go so far as to call censorship -- and also of the power of those payments companies when they decide to do so.
Having a stylish and concise manner of writing can be very important if you intend to develop and progress within your career. It always helps to come across as both professional and efficient. But which writing courses would be the best to help you to achieve this?
Choosing the best writing course will be very important to help you develop your writing skills in the right direction. Because certainly, if you want to develop your skills in writing reports and simplifying information, then creative writing courses probably won?t be that helpful, so picking the right writing course is vital.
Knowing What You Want From Your Writing Course
While you may be going into a writing course with a specific aim, many people will actually be looking at them as more of a general source of interest and personal development- especially creative writing.
Take time to analyze whether you?re just looking to increase your skills for writing in business, or if you want to see an overall improvement in the standard of your writing.
Once you?ve got a good idea on what sort of writing courses should be on your radar, then you can start to look around and see which among the writing courses available will match your criteria.
University Writing Courses
If you want to achieve formal qualifications which you can add to your resume, then looking at university-based writing courses should certainly be foremost on the list. If on the other hand, you have higher academic ambitions, then writing courses such as these can also be used to contribute towards an undergraduate degree if you are so inclined.
Some of the best features of writing courses from a university are that, they will often be handled by some of the best lecturers, and you will be learning in a formal environment. This option tends to be particularly good if you are aiming to develop your formal or business writing skills, as they will have people from that business environment guiding you.
Community College Or Night School Courses
Sometimes, you will find that your learning style is better suited to a less formal environment.
In this case, you may want to consider taking writing courses which are offered by community colleges and night schools. These, of course, will have the benefits of being more convenient and more flexible to be worked around your current employment.
As well as offering writing courses specifically-designed to improve certain areas of your writing, you will often find that these options will offer more basic courses if you do struggle with writing, and can also be a less pressured environment for learning this sort of work.
Online Writing Courses
Most educational subjects are accessible to those wishing to study online these days, and writing courses are no different. If you know that you can only find time to study outside of the normal hours, or cannot commit to a fixed time every week, then online writing courses have the flexibility to allow you to work at your own time and pace.
These courses will often be run by the same universities and colleges which offer classroom-based writing courses, and can offer you similar levels of support and feedback on your work.
Conclusion
Whatever aspect of your writing you are looking to improve, you can find that choosing the best writing courses available today will help you to achieve this.
?
Frank is a freelance writer and Education Director for Water Damage Local.com, serving the water removal and restoration industry.
This undated screen grab provided by Mike Trang shows a warning message on the screen of his iPhone that he received from AT&T advising he was in danger of having his data speeds throttled. A judge awarded $850 to iPhone user Matt Spaccarelli on Friday because AT&T...
ScienceDaily (Feb. 23, 2012) ? University at Buffalo engineers have developed a one-step, low-cost method to fabricate a polymer with extraordinary properties: When viewed from a single perspective, the polymer is rainbow-colored, reflecting many different wavelengths of light.
Used as a filter for light, this material could form the basis of handheld multispectral imaging devices that identify the "true color" of objects examined.
"Such portable technology could have applications in a wide range of fields, from home improvement, like matching paint colors, to biomedical imaging, including analyzing colors in medical images to detect disease," said UB Vice President for Research and Economic Development Alexander N. Cartwright, one of the UB researchers who led the study.
The ease of producing the polymer could make it feasible to develop small devices that connect with cell phones to conduct multispectral imaging, said Qiaoqiang Gan, a UB assistant professor of electrical engineering and another member of the research team.
"Our method is pretty low-cost, and because of this and the potential cell phone applications, we feel there is a huge market for improving clinical imaging in developing countries," Gan said.
Because the colors of the rainbow filter are produced as a result of the filter's surface geometry, and not by some kind of pigment, the colors won't fade over time. (It's the same principle that gives color to the wings of butterflies and feather of peacocks.)
To create the rainbow material, Liu and Xu sandwiched a photosensitive pre-polymer syrup between two glass slides. (A photosensitive substance is one whose physical properties change upon exposure to light.)
Next, they directed a laser beam through a curved lens placed above the pre-polymer solution. The lens divided and bent the laser beam into light of continuously varying wavelengths.
As this light hit the solution, monomers in the solution began joining into polymers, forming a continuous pattern of ridge-like polymer structures. Larger ridges rose where the light struck with more intensity.
The resulting structure is a thin filter that is rainbow-colored when viewed under white light. This is because the periodic polymer layers reflect a continuous spectrum of colors, from red on one end to indigo on the other.
The single-step fabrication method -- shining a laser light through a curved lens -- is affordable and relatively simple.
The filter the researchers created was about 25 millimeters long, but the technique they used is scalable: It's possible to create filters of different sizes by shining the laser through lenses of different sizes.
Gan said the next step for the researchers is to improve the quality of the rainbow filter. The team is also beginning to explore ideas for incorporating the technology into handheld devices.
Liu presented the results of this work with the rainbow-colored polymer grating as a post-deadline paper at IEEE Photonic Annual Meeting in Arlington, Va., in October 2011. The conference is considered one of the premier international events for optics and photonics.
Cartwright and Gan's team reported on their polymer fabrication technique online Feb. 22 in Advanced Materials, an academic journal. Coauthors on the study also include UB students Ke Liu and Huina Xu and UB research scientist Haifeng Hu.
The UB Office of Science, Technology Transfer and Economic Outreach (STOR) has submitted a provisional patent application detailing the production process to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University at Buffalo.
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Journal Reference:
Ke Liu, Huina Xu, Haifeng Hu, Qiaoqiang Gan, Alexander N. Cartwright. One-Step Fabrication of Graded Rainbow-Colored Holographic Photopolymer Reflection Gratings. Advanced Materials, 2012; DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104628
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
GSMA -- the organization that runs Mobile World Congress -- today updated its Android appliation for this year's event. Good thing, too, since it starts Sunday.
For those of us going to MWC, it's a portal for the week's agenda, a list of exhibitors and attendees, discussions, and augmented reality feature, search, My MWC Zone (for keeping track of your stuff) and the hard-to-escape Mobile World Live section.
And probably most important is a map of what's where, so you don't get too terribly lost in the Fira.
We've got download links after the break for those who are going, and those who want to kibbitz. And don't forget to swing by our MWC page for all the goings on.
ScienceDaily (Feb. 23, 2012) ? When Sifrhippus, the earliest known horse, first appeared in the forests of North America more than 50 million years ago, it would not have been mistaken for a Clydesdale. It weighed in at around 12 pounds -- and it was destined to get much smaller over the ensuing millennia.
Sifrhippus lived during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a 175,000-year interval of time some 56 million years ago in which average global temperatures rose by about 10 degrees Fahrenheit, caused by the release of vast amounts of carbon into the atmosphere and oceans.
About a third of mammal species responded with significant reduction in size during the PETM, some by as much as one-half. Sifrhippus shrank by about 30 percent to the size of a smallhouse cat (about 8.5 pounds) in the PETM's first 130,000 years and then rebounded to about 15 pounds in the final 45,000 years of the PETM.
Scientists have assumed that rising temperatures or high concentrations of carbon dioxide primarily caused the phenomenon in mammals during this period, and new research led by Ross Secord of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Jonathan Bloch of the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida in Gainesville offers new evidence of the cause-and-effect relationship between temperature and body size. Their findings also offer clues to what might happen to animals in the near future from global warming.
In a paper to be published in the Feb. 24 issue of the international journal Science, Secord, Bloch and colleagues used measurementsand geochemical composition of fossil mammal teeth to document a progressive decrease in Sifrhippus' body size that correlates very closely to temperature change over a 130,000-year span.
Bloch, associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, said multiple trails led to the discovery.
One was the fossils themselves, recovered from the Cabin Fork area of the southern Bighorn Basin near Worland, Wyo. Stephen Chester, then an undergraduate student at Florida, now an anthropology Ph.D. candidate at Yale and a co-author on the paper, had the task of measuring the horses' teeth. What he found when he plotted them through time caught Bloch and Secord by surprise.
"He pointed out that the first horses in the section were much larger than those later on," Bloch recalled. "I thought something had to be wrong, but he was right -- and the pattern became more robust as we collected more fossils."
A postdoctoral researcher in Bloch's lab for the first year of the project, Secord performed the geochemical analysis of the oxygen isotopes in the teeth. What he found provided an even bigger surprise.
"It was absolutely startling when Ross pulled up the first oxygen isotope data," Bloch said. "We looked at the curve and we realized that it was exactly the same pattern that we were seeing with the horse body size.
"For the first time, going back into deep time -- going back 10s of millions of years -- we were able to show that indeed temperature was causing essentially a one-to-one shift in body size within this lineage of horse. Because it's over a long enough time, you can argue very strongly that what you're looking at is natural selection and evolution -- that it's actually corresponding to the shift in temperature and driving the evolution of these horses."
Secord, who came to UNL in 2008 as an assistant professor of Earth and atmospheric sciences and curator of vertebrate paleontology at the University of Nebraska State Museum, said the finding raises important questions about how plants and animals will respond to rapid change in the not-too-distant future.
"This has implications, potentially, for what we might expect to see over the next century or two, at least with some of the climate models that are predicting that we will see warming of as much as 4 degrees Centigrade (7 degrees Fahrenheit) over the next 100 years," he said.
Those predictions are based largely on the 40 percent increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (from 280 to 392 parts per million) since the start of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century.
Ornithologists, Secord said, have already started to notice that there may be a decrease in body size among birds.
"One of the issues here is that warming (during the PETM) happened much slower, over 10,000 to 20,000 years to get 10 degrees hotter, whereas now we're expecting it to happen over a century or two," Secord said. "So there's a big difference in scale and one of the questions is, 'Are we going to see the same kind of response?' Are animals going to be able to keep up and readjust their body sizes over the next couple of centuries?"
Increased temperatures are not the only change animals will have to adapt to, Secord said. Greenhouse experiments show that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide lowers the nutritional content of plants, which he said could have been a secondary driver of dwarfism during the PETM.
Other co-authors on thepaper are Doug M. Boyer of Brooklyn College, Aaron R. Wood of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Scott L. Wing of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Mary J. Kraus of the University of Colorado-Boulder, Francesca A. McInerny of Northwestern University, and John Krigbaum of the University of Florida.
The research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, with additional support from UNL.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The original article was written by Tom Simons.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
R. Secord, J. I. Bloch, S. G. B. Chester, D. M. Boyer, A. R. Wood, S. L. Wing, M. J. Kraus, F. A. McInerney, J. Krigbaum. Evolution of the Earliest Horses Driven by Climate Change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science, 2012; 335 (6071): 959 DOI: 10.1126/science.1213859
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
More and more people are now into controlling their weight because of the hazards that obesity brings to their overall health and fitness. One most common forms of controlling weight these days are dieting.
For the past years, dieting has been one of the most popular ways of controlling weight to many overweight people in the world. Although there are apparently many testimonies of its effects, many experts agree that there are unwanted side effects when controlling weight isn?t done the right way.
What You Need to Know About Diet and Dieting
Dieting refers to the practice of eating or drinking in a regulated manner in order to achieve a specific short-term objective of gaining and or losing size or weight ?diet,? on the other hand refers to the habit of nutritional consumption and focuses more on a long-term goal.
Studies have shown that the most common goal of dieting is for an individual to get rid excess body fat. However, there are also different types of diet which are recommended to be able to achieve a specific medical objective while some dieting are developed and advised to increase body fat or add up to muscle weight gain.
Diet is actually categorized into two: the weight-loss diets, which restrict the intake of specific foods or food group in order to reduce body weight and the weight-gain diets, which are usually self-imposed in order to achieve a higher weight class.
Aside from that, special cases also require diets especially when it is related to certain medical conditions. Special diets usually include, exclude, or regulate a set of certain chemicals especially from the foods that contain them and are given to people that have chronic diseases such as diabetes and other illnesses such as epilepsy, celiac disease, kidney diseases, and also those who are lactose-intolerant. Other specific types of diet to control weight include low-fat diets, low-carbohydrate diet or Atkins Diet, natural diets, vegetarian diet, and very low calorie diet.
People who are controlling weight should also seek professional help in controlling their weight because dieting may lead to prolonged hunger, depression, reduced sex drive, fatigue, irritability, fainting, sinus problems, muscle loss, rashes, bloodshot eyes, gallbladder diseases, and loose folds of skin among others.
Tips on Controlling Your Weight
Among the effective ways of achieving health and fitness, is when a person understands how to manage or control their weight. This is why because a controlled weight only means that you will be the one to eat balanced meals, healthy foods, and also have a regular set of exercise required to stay healthy and fit. The following are some ways that you do to control your weight:
1. Load up with lots of fluids, especially water. Dehydration makes a person lose appetite and can make him or her lose so much weight which can be harmful to one?s overall health. In order to prevent dehydration, a person is advised to drink lots of fluid, especially water.
2. Don?t rush when eating. Taking your time while eating can help you relish the food?s flavors well and assist the body to adjust to the foods you eat. The moment satiety signal is sent to your brain, you will be able to eat in smaller amounts of food.
3. Eat more at daytime and eat less in the evening. To attain optimum health and, fitness, it is best to develop the practice of eating bigger meals in the daytime to have lots of time to burn the whole day. At night though, individuals who?re controlling their weight should eat less, to make sure you will be able to balance the metabolism burn the unwanted fats and calories.
To learn want more about health and fitness visit our website about Health and Fitness where you will find additional information and content.
The world's oldest elephant tracks have now been revealed, 7 million-year-old footprints in the Arabian Desert, researchers say.
These prehistoric footsteps, likely the work of about 13 four-tusked elephant ancestors, are the earliest direct evidence of how the ancestors of modern elephants interacted socially, and the oldest evidence of an elephant herd.
"Basically, this is fossilized behavior," said researcher Faysal Bibi, a vertebrate paleontologist at the Museum for Natural History in Berlin. "This is an absolutely unique site, a really rare opportunity in the fossil record that lets you see animal behavior in a way you couldn't otherwise do with bones or teeth."
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Fossil footprints reveal oldest elephant herd
The site, known as Mleisa 1, is in the United Arab Emirates. The region then was home to a great diversity of animals, including elephants, hippopotamuses, antelopes, giraffes, pigs, monkeys, rodents, small and large carnivores, ostriches, turtles, crocodiles and fish. These were sustained by a very large river flowing slowly through the area, along which flourished vegetation, including large trees. The animals resembled those from Africa during the same time, though there are also similarities with Asian and European species of that period.?
Fossil trackways in the region have been long known to locals, and were taken to be the prints of dinosaurs or giants of ancient myth. It was not until January 2011, when researchers mapped the area from the air for the first time, "that we realized what we had and how we could go about studying it," Bibi said. [The Creatures of Cryptozoology]
"Once we saw it aerially, it became a much different and clearer story," said researcher Brian Kraatz at Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, Calif. "Seeing the whole site in one shot meant we could finally understand what was happening."
The footprints cover an area of 12.3 acres (5 hectares). This is about equal to nine U.S. football fields, seven soccer fields, or the base of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
"The trackways are visually stunning," said researcher Andrew Hill at the University of Poitiers in France. "It is quite obvious to anyone, without any technical knowledge, that these are the footprints of very large animals, and to learn that they are over 6 million years old presents a visitor with the sensation of walking back in time."
The researchers noted that while these prehistoric titans were proboscideans like modern elephants, they likely looked quite different. Of the three kinds of fossil proboscidean species in the area at that time, the one that most likely made the trackways was Stegotetrabelodon syrticus, the earliest known member of the elephant family, "which carried tusks in both its upper and lower jaws," Bibi told LiveScience.
The trackways stretch up to about 850 feet (260 meters) long, making them "the most extensive ever recorded for mammals, and to view them is to be transported 7 million years back in time when herds of four-tusked primitive elephants and other related behemoths roamed a wetter and more vegetated Arabian Peninsula," said paleontologist William Sanders at the University of Michigan, who did not take part in the study. [Photos of Elephant Trackways]
Actually mapping these footsteps proved challenging, since the individual tracks are each only about 15 inches (40 centimeters) wide, too small to show up in satellite imagery. To do so, researchers mounted a pocket digital camera onto a kite, stitching the hundreds of pictures it took into a single large mosaic image that gave a broad overview of the site.
Analysis of the footsteps suggests they belonged to a herd of at least 13 elephants of different sizes and ages that walked through mud, leaving behind tracks that hardened, were buried, and then re-exposed by erosion.
The researchers also discovered tracks from a solitary male traveling in a different direction from the herd. These suggest the extinct giants divided into solitary and social groups, just as elephants do today. Also, these ancient pachyderms might have structured themselves along lines of sex just as their modern relatives do, with the males leaving the herd to live alone.
"Like the human handprints in Paleolithic caves, animal trackways crystallize in time [the] identity and behavior of the organisms that made them, and yield rare insights about these organisms, which fossil bones alone cannot provide," Sanders said.
The scientists detailed their findings online in the journal Biology Letters.
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A handful of nice eastern oregon realty photos I identified:
The presentation was sent on April 15, 2010 as part of the Build Green Central Eastern Europe convention (www.BuildGreenCEE.org) arranged by the Romania, Polish, and Hungary Green Developing Councils and supported by the Entire world Green Developing Council. The function brought jointly 14 country wide Green Constructing Councils to discuss their understanding of their local markets and discuss regional and worldwide coverage and developments. Jerry Yudelson is widely regarded as one particular of the major green constructing specialists in the entire world. He was chairperson on the USGBC?s ?Greenbuild? conference, and is a printed author of numerous textbooks on the subject matter. A skilled engineer, Jerry has authored eleven publications with matters including green building and development, European tendencies, sustainable retail development, green properties, the green building revolution, and the enterprise case for green structures. He has, since 2004 chaired the US Green Creating Council?s ?Greenbuild? convention the world?s biggest. In 2006, Jerry was called a Countrywide Peer Professional by the US General Services Administration. From 2007 to 2009, he was the nonresident Analysis Scholar for Retail Genuine Estate for the 70000-member Intercontinental Council of Shopping Centers. He was called Green Creating Advocate of the yr in 2004 by the Northwest Energy Performance Alliance. He holds an MBA with highest honors from the College of Oregon. As principal of Yudelson & Associates, he provides major-edge consulting services, personalized ? Video Rating: 5 / five
The ASU Financial Management Association provides students with the opportunity to interact with professionals in the finance world. (From left starting from bottom row) Andrew Loo, Vikas Bhagavatula, Sara Karamani, Justin Rodriguez, Rob Palke, Daniel Zinkan. (Photo courtesy of the ASU Financial Management Association)
Members of a campus club for finance majors recognize that networking is essential for careers in business.
The Financial Management Association brings speakers from prominent financial institutions to its weekly meetings and provides opportunities for community service.
Finance and accounting sophomore Justin Rodriguez said making connections was emphasized when he began attending the W.P. Carey School of Business last year.
?As a freshman, you?re just bombarded with people telling you to meet people, meet other students, meet professionals,? he said.
Rodriguez, who is now the director of recruitment for FMA, joined the ASU chapter of the club in an effort to begin networking.
Speakers have been from different areas of finance, including investment banking, corporate finance and financial services.
This year?s speakers have included the executive director of J.P. Morgan Private Banking, the former CEO of Pepsi and the vice president at the San Francisco department of Goldman Sachs.
Different speakers have drawn different members to the club.
Finance and computer information systems sophomore Andrew Loo, the club?s director of public relations, said speakers from Intel made him decide to join.
?I?m a tech geek, so Intel coming really attracted me,? he said.
After listening to a representative from Intel at a club meeting, Loo was able to tour Intel?s Ocotillo Campus in Chandler, the future site of semiconductor plant Fab 42, in what he described as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
He said other members have been given similar opportunities. While some speakers leave shortly after giving their talks, many stay to talk to club members and occasionally come along to their post-speech socials.
Club president Sara Karamani, a finance and business sustainability senior, said the club?s 134 members build relationships with both the speakers and other members during these socials, which typically take place at nearby restaurants.
?We offer something you won?t get in a normal classroom,? she said. ?You get to learn, socialize and meet new people.?
The ASU chapter of FMA will travel to the national organization?s Finance Leaders? Conference in Chicago March 15 and 16, giving members an opportunity to interact with business professionals and other FMA student members from around the country.
Conference attendees will be given an opportunity to tour the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange group.
ASU?s chapter also provides its members with community service opportunities.
?I think it?s important to give back,? Karamani said.
Members have helped with several charity races including the upcoming Run for Ryan House, an institution that provides care to children with painful diseases. The club has helped decorate the city of Tempe for Halloween.
The club also holds semester-long investment competitions, at the chapter and national levels, which members can choose to participate in. They?re given $100,000 in virtual money to ?invest? in various stocks.
Those who choose the most successful virtual investments can win prizes.
The club strives to bring the feel of the professional world to its members, said treasurer Jessica Kim, a marketing and management junior who began attending FMA meetings her freshman year.
?After coming right out of high school, the level of professionalism here has been amazing,? she said.
?
Reach the reporter at julia.shumway@asu.edu
?
Click here to subscribe to the daily State Press newsletter.
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Archive of failed joint replacements provides tips to building a better hip replacementPublic release date: 8-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Phyllis Fisher phyllis.fisher@gmail.com 212-606-1724 Hospital for Special Surgery
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery researchers has provided the first comprehensive look at just how metal-on-metal total hip replacements are failing in patients around the country. Made possible by what is thought to be the largest archive of failed joint replacements, the research should help doctors develop a better hip replacement for future patients. The study will be reported at the upcoming annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Feb. 7-11.
"This paper is the first step in what is a path to try to understand what the problems are with metal-on-metal joints," said Timothy Wright, Ph.D., Kirby Chair of Orthopedic Biomechanics at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). He said that information gleaned from the study should be useful in improving metal-polyethylene implants, the most common hip implant put in patients today.
"We still use metal implants. We may rub them against polyethylene instead of against another metal, but anything we can learn about these mechanisms of damage could be important," he said. He also pointed out that evidence suggests that the physical structure of the implant might play a role in the failed metal-on-metal implants and not the metal itself. In recent years, advances in the materials have allowed implants with bigger heads to be used, which increases stability, but now evidence suggests this may cause other problems.
"What we learn about the effect of head size and learn about the effect of positioning these components, and certainly what we learn about the biologic reaction to metallic debris is going to help us understand problems in general with total joint replacements," said Dr. Wright. "It's not enough to say, because some metal-on-metal implants have adverse reactions, it has got to be all about the metal and let's just condemn an entire technology. We need to understand, in a systematic way, what is going on."
Since 1977, whenever a patient has undergone a joint revision surgery at Hospital for Special Surgery, doctors have collected and saved the failed implants for research. At the same time, they have created a web-based system to file information on the implant, such as the manufacturer, and on the patient, such as age, weight and activity level. Doctors at HSS perform roughly 8,000 joint replacement surgeries per year and roughly 10% are revision surgeries, so this database is growing by about 800 specimens per year. Many patients who have had their joint replacement surgeries elsewhere come to Special Surgery to have revision surgery.
In the current study, HSS researchers, who did not have any ties to hip implant manufacturers, examined 46 retrieved metal-on-metal total hip replacements from 44 patients. The most common revision diagnoses were wear-related clinical concerns including osteolysis and adverse soft tissue reactions (16), loosening (11), instability (8) and infection (5). The researchers used scanning electron microscopy to determine the ways the hips were damaged, called damage modes. They found that 98 percent of the cups of the implant and 93 percent of the heads showed moderate to severe scratching. Moderate to severe pitting was found in 43 percent of the cups and 67 percent of the heads. They identified areas near the cups and heads that had completely lost their sheen.
"This study represents one of the largest collections of retrieved metal-on-metal implants," said Douglas Padgett, M.D., chief of the Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division and chief of the Hip Service at Hospital for Special Surgery. "There appears to be unique damage patterns which to date have not been identified. A follow-on analysis using high resolution laser profiling to quantify damage is in process which may yield further clues."
The patterns and similarities of the damage modes will shed light on the mechanisms behind the damage. "The goal with these hard metal-on-metal bearings is to drag a fluid film in between the two metal surfaces so that they never touch, so the wear is theoretically zero," explained Dr. Wright. "The fact that we look at these surfaces and see scratches and wear patches means that these surfaces are touching one another. That is problematic because if you had the clearances just right, they might never touch, just like the cylinder in an engine block."
He pointed out that the study could only be done at a hospital with a large number of archived hips. Spotting patterns and variations is easier if you look across a large patient population.
Researchers will next focus on what is causing the damage patterns. If it is a corrosive problem, is the solution to change the metallurgy? If the location is always the same and the damage is always near the edge of the implant, is that because they are being installed incorrectly? Is there a way to change the design? "What we see in the retrieved implants will begin to give us a picture of what is causing this problem," Dr. Wright said.
The multidisciplinary team of HSS clinicians, biologists, engineers and imaging researchers has further studies planned to understand the problem more fully. The retrieval archive and database will allow researchers to continue to look for correlations between implants that fail and factors such as patient characteristics, the physical shape and quality of the hip replacement, surgical factors, and the biological response from a body that has an implant.
The work for this study was conducted in the recently established Mary and Fred Trump Institute for Implant Analysis.
###
Other investigators involved in the study include Kirsten Stoner, M.S. from HSS; Samantha Lee, B.S., from Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Stefan Kinkel, M.D., from Orthopaedic University Clinic Heidelberg, Germany.
Retrieval Analysis Reveals Damage Modes for Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Replacements (Paper 301)
Wednesday, Feb. 8, 4:00 p.m.4:06 p.m. Moscone West, 2014
About Hospital for Special Surgery
Founded in 1863, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) is a world leader in orthopedics, rheumatology and rehabilitation. HSS is nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics, No. 2 in rheumatology, No. 19 in neurology, and No. 16 in geriatrics by U.S.News & World Report (2011-12), and is the first hospital in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center three consecutive times. HSS has one of the lowest infection rates in the country. From 2007 to 2011, HSS has been a recipient of the HealthGrades Joint Replacement Excellence Award. HSS is a member of the NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and an affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College and as such all Hospital for Special Surgery medical staff are faculty of Weill Cornell. The hospital's research division is internationally recognized as a leader in the investigation of musculoskeletal and autoimmune diseases. Hospital for Special Surgery is located in New York City and online at www.hss.edu.
For more information contact:
Phyllis Fisher
212-606-1197
FisherP@hss.edu
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Archive of failed joint replacements provides tips to building a better hip replacementPublic release date: 8-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Phyllis Fisher phyllis.fisher@gmail.com 212-606-1724 Hospital for Special Surgery
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery researchers has provided the first comprehensive look at just how metal-on-metal total hip replacements are failing in patients around the country. Made possible by what is thought to be the largest archive of failed joint replacements, the research should help doctors develop a better hip replacement for future patients. The study will be reported at the upcoming annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Feb. 7-11.
"This paper is the first step in what is a path to try to understand what the problems are with metal-on-metal joints," said Timothy Wright, Ph.D., Kirby Chair of Orthopedic Biomechanics at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). He said that information gleaned from the study should be useful in improving metal-polyethylene implants, the most common hip implant put in patients today.
"We still use metal implants. We may rub them against polyethylene instead of against another metal, but anything we can learn about these mechanisms of damage could be important," he said. He also pointed out that evidence suggests that the physical structure of the implant might play a role in the failed metal-on-metal implants and not the metal itself. In recent years, advances in the materials have allowed implants with bigger heads to be used, which increases stability, but now evidence suggests this may cause other problems.
"What we learn about the effect of head size and learn about the effect of positioning these components, and certainly what we learn about the biologic reaction to metallic debris is going to help us understand problems in general with total joint replacements," said Dr. Wright. "It's not enough to say, because some metal-on-metal implants have adverse reactions, it has got to be all about the metal and let's just condemn an entire technology. We need to understand, in a systematic way, what is going on."
Since 1977, whenever a patient has undergone a joint revision surgery at Hospital for Special Surgery, doctors have collected and saved the failed implants for research. At the same time, they have created a web-based system to file information on the implant, such as the manufacturer, and on the patient, such as age, weight and activity level. Doctors at HSS perform roughly 8,000 joint replacement surgeries per year and roughly 10% are revision surgeries, so this database is growing by about 800 specimens per year. Many patients who have had their joint replacement surgeries elsewhere come to Special Surgery to have revision surgery.
In the current study, HSS researchers, who did not have any ties to hip implant manufacturers, examined 46 retrieved metal-on-metal total hip replacements from 44 patients. The most common revision diagnoses were wear-related clinical concerns including osteolysis and adverse soft tissue reactions (16), loosening (11), instability (8) and infection (5). The researchers used scanning electron microscopy to determine the ways the hips were damaged, called damage modes. They found that 98 percent of the cups of the implant and 93 percent of the heads showed moderate to severe scratching. Moderate to severe pitting was found in 43 percent of the cups and 67 percent of the heads. They identified areas near the cups and heads that had completely lost their sheen.
"This study represents one of the largest collections of retrieved metal-on-metal implants," said Douglas Padgett, M.D., chief of the Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division and chief of the Hip Service at Hospital for Special Surgery. "There appears to be unique damage patterns which to date have not been identified. A follow-on analysis using high resolution laser profiling to quantify damage is in process which may yield further clues."
The patterns and similarities of the damage modes will shed light on the mechanisms behind the damage. "The goal with these hard metal-on-metal bearings is to drag a fluid film in between the two metal surfaces so that they never touch, so the wear is theoretically zero," explained Dr. Wright. "The fact that we look at these surfaces and see scratches and wear patches means that these surfaces are touching one another. That is problematic because if you had the clearances just right, they might never touch, just like the cylinder in an engine block."
He pointed out that the study could only be done at a hospital with a large number of archived hips. Spotting patterns and variations is easier if you look across a large patient population.
Researchers will next focus on what is causing the damage patterns. If it is a corrosive problem, is the solution to change the metallurgy? If the location is always the same and the damage is always near the edge of the implant, is that because they are being installed incorrectly? Is there a way to change the design? "What we see in the retrieved implants will begin to give us a picture of what is causing this problem," Dr. Wright said.
The multidisciplinary team of HSS clinicians, biologists, engineers and imaging researchers has further studies planned to understand the problem more fully. The retrieval archive and database will allow researchers to continue to look for correlations between implants that fail and factors such as patient characteristics, the physical shape and quality of the hip replacement, surgical factors, and the biological response from a body that has an implant.
The work for this study was conducted in the recently established Mary and Fred Trump Institute for Implant Analysis.
###
Other investigators involved in the study include Kirsten Stoner, M.S. from HSS; Samantha Lee, B.S., from Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Stefan Kinkel, M.D., from Orthopaedic University Clinic Heidelberg, Germany.
Retrieval Analysis Reveals Damage Modes for Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Replacements (Paper 301)
Wednesday, Feb. 8, 4:00 p.m.4:06 p.m. Moscone West, 2014
About Hospital for Special Surgery
Founded in 1863, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) is a world leader in orthopedics, rheumatology and rehabilitation. HSS is nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics, No. 2 in rheumatology, No. 19 in neurology, and No. 16 in geriatrics by U.S.News & World Report (2011-12), and is the first hospital in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center three consecutive times. HSS has one of the lowest infection rates in the country. From 2007 to 2011, HSS has been a recipient of the HealthGrades Joint Replacement Excellence Award. HSS is a member of the NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and an affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College and as such all Hospital for Special Surgery medical staff are faculty of Weill Cornell. The hospital's research division is internationally recognized as a leader in the investigation of musculoskeletal and autoimmune diseases. Hospital for Special Surgery is located in New York City and online at www.hss.edu.
For more information contact:
Phyllis Fisher
212-606-1197
FisherP@hss.edu
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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Adult content has long been a big draw, and one of the most profitable, in the world of digital media, but a recent move by PayPal is a sign of how one part of that business might be facing some problems up ahead. Smashwords, an e-book distributor that competes with Amazon, has sent out a letter to the authors, publishers and literary agents that it works with to tell them that PayPal is requiring Smashwords to remove all erotica content on its platform that contains references to bestiality, rape and incest -- otherwise it will stop doing business with Smashwords altogether. The changes are due to take effect on Tuesday, February 28. Regardless of whether you are a reader of such material or not, the move by PayPal raises questions of whether a middle-man payments company should be calling these kinds of shots over content, which some might even go so far as to call censorship -- and also of the power of those payments companies when they decide to do so.
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Public release date: 8-Feb-2012
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